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Applicants
often ignore transitions to their own detriment. A good essay must use
transitions within paragraphs and especially between paragraphs to preserve
the logical flow of the essay. An essay without good transitions is like a
series of isolated islands; the reader will struggle to get from one point to
the next. Use transitions as bridges between your ideas. As you move from one
paragraph to the next, you should not have to explain your story in addition
to telling it. If the transitions between paragraphs require explanation, your
essay is either too large in scope or the flow is not logical. A good
transition statement will straddle the line between the two paragraphs.
You should not have to think too
much about how to construct transition sentences. If the concepts in your
outline follow and build on one another naturally, transitions will write
themselves. To make sure that you are not forcing your transitions, try to
refrain from using words such as, "however," "nevertheless," and
"furthermore." If you are having trouble transitioning between paragraphs
or are trying to force a transition onto a paragraph that has already been
written, then this may indicate a problem with your overall structure. If you
suspect this to be the case, go back to your original outline and make sure
that you have assigned only one point to each paragraph, and that each point
naturally follows the preceding one and leads to a logical conclusion. The
transition into the final paragraph is especially critical. If it is not clear
how you arrived at this final idea, you have either shoe-horned a conclusion
into the outline, or your outline lacks focus. If you are confident in your
structure, but find yourself stuck on what might make a good transition, try
repeating key words from the previous paragraph and progressing the idea. If
that doesn't work, try this list of common transitions as your last resort: If you are adding additional
facts or information: as well, and, additionally,
furthermore, also, too, in addition, another, besides, moreover If you are trying to indicate the
order of a sequence of events: first of all, meanwhile, followed
by, then, next, before, after, last, finally, one month later, one year later,
etc. If you are trying to list things
in order of importance: first, second etc., next, last,
finally, more importantly, more significantly, above all, primarily If you are trying to connect one
idea to a fact or illustration: for example, for instance, to
illustrate, this can be seen To indicate an effect or result: as a result, thus, consequently,
eventually, therefore, To indicate that one idea is the
opposite of another: nonetheless, however, yet, but,
though, on the other hand, although, even though, in contrast, unlike,
differing from, on the contrary, instead, whereas, nevertheless, despite,
regardless of When comparing one thing to
another: In a different sense, similarly,
likewise, similar to, like, just as, conversely. Connect the following sentences using an effective transition, when needed. (In some cases, the two sentences will be able to stand without a transition.)
Answers: 1) However; 2) Similarly; 3) The shock of this revelation at such a tender age; 4) That was three seasons ago. 5) In addition; 6) To cope with his passing; 7) Despite the burdens she faced; 8) From her experiences during college; 9) My mother did not only want me to have a broad knowledge of languages.
Copyright 1998 by Dan Kaufman. Reprinted by arrangement with Barron's Educational Series, Inc.
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