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Baruch Spinoza
Born: 11/24/1632 Died: 2/21/1677
Spinoza, a lens grinder by trade, was one of the great 17th century rationalists. His heterodox views about religion led to his excommunication from the Jewish community in his native Holland. Spinoza gained international notoriety with the publication of his Tractatus Theologico-Politicus, a defense of freedom of thought and religion. Spinoza's most famous work, the Ethics, is written in the form of a geometrical demonstration and explores the nature of God, human psychology, mind and body, and the best way to live. Among Spinoza's conclusions are that there is only one substance, God or Nature, and that mind and body are but parallel aspects of this single substance. Spinoza's determinism led him to reject the traditional notion of free will, but he held that varying degrees of human freedom are possible depending on the degree to which we control our passions and reach genuine understanding. |
Websites
| Site Title | Details |
| Studia Spinoziana
| Author: Ron Bombardi
Description: lots of links, esp. to related 17th and 18th century materials.
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| A Dedication to Spinoza's Insights
| Author: Joseph B. Yesselman
Description: includes several great resources including many Spinoza texts and a useful glossary/index.
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| The Spinoza Web
| Author: Santiago Barona
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| Baruch Spinoza Webliography
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| Spinoza Exhibition - The Society Arti et Amicitiae (Netherlands)
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| Spinoza chronology
| Author: Ron Bombardi
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| Benedict de Spinoza and Spinozism
| Description: Provides The Ethics, the correspondances of Spinoza, and several excerpts from secondary sources about him, as well as links and other resources.
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| Philosophy of Benedictus de Spinoza
| Author: Rudolf W. Meijer
Description: Includes a biography, favorite quotes, and e-texts from Spinoza (in Latin, with some available through split-screen translated feature).
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| Spinoza et Nous
| Description: Spinoza and Mind. A robust site. In French.
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| The Spinoza Study
| Author: Terry Neff
Description: Includes hypertext, indexed editions of several major works by Spinoza. Plus links and other information.
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| The Spinoza Net
| Description: "The Spinoza Net is dedicated to furthering research, knowledge and discussion about the works, reception and contributions of Baruch Spinoza." Includes e-texts, news and events, a research center, and much more!
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Brief Reference Materials
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