In the Western tradition, 19th Century philosophy includes the philosophers and systems that flourished in the 1800s. This period produced a diverse array of schools of thought, including: Hegelianism (G.W.F. Hegel, Ludwig Feuerbach, Karl Marx), Romanticism and pre-Existentialism (Friedrich Nietzsche, Arthur Schopenhauer, Soren Kierkegaard), American Pragmatism (William James, John Dewey, and C.S. Peirce), Transcendentalism (Henry David Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson), and early Classical Liberalism (John Stuart Mill, Mary Wollstonecraft, Herbert Spencer). Many of these traditions were heavily influenced by the ideas of Immanuel Kant. Other philosophers arose during this period with a focus on science, logic, and mathematics, and formed the early beginnings of broad 20th century traditions such as Analytic Philosophy and Continental Philosophy. See also: 19th C. Philosophers.